ZAKAT DAN KEDERMAWANAN SEBAGAI BENTUK PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL SELAMA PANDEMI: ULASAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31595/inf.v8i2.2985Keywords:
COVID-19, kedermawanan, partisipasi masyarakat, perlindungan sosial, zakatAbstract
Serangan COVID-19 telah memperlambat akselerasi ekonomi di sejumlah negara, termasuk Indonesia. Perubahan ekonomi yang dramatis jelas mempengaruhi kinerja negara, terutama dalam mengatasi kemiskinan. Pembatasan mobilitas masyarakat oleh pemerintah untuk menekan penyebaran COVID-19 secara tidak langsung telah menciptakan angka kemiskinan baru. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan penekanan pada Systematic Literature Review melalui pengumpulan data sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana partisipasi masyarakat dalam membantu pemerintah dalam menangani permasalahan sosial dan ekonomi yang diakibatkan oleh COVID-19. Temuan penelitian ini adalah, selama masa pandemi, pemerintah masih dan akan terus mengandalkan program perlindungan sosial dalam menangani COVID-19. Selain perlindungan sosial, Indonesia yang dikenal sebagai negara dengan mayoritas penduduk muslim, memiliki instrumen keagamaan yaitu Zakat yang juga berfungsi untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan. Zakat merupakan instrumen yang potensial untuk mendukung pemerintah dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan, asalkan dapat dikelola dengan baik. Selain itu, masyarakat Indonesia juga dikenal dengan tingkat kedermawanannya yang tinggi, sehingga ketika pemerintah belum menyentuh masyarakat dengan bantuan sosialnya, akan selalu ada kelompok masyarakat lain yang berinisiatif untuk mulai saling membantu. COVID-19 menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dengan kedermawanan melalui instrumen keagamaan seperti zakat, maupun non-keagamaan telah mampu menciptakan pola perlindungan sosial yang dapat meringankan kewajiban pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus lebih mengoptimalkan lagi potensi yang dimiliki oleh zakat melalui kolaborasi lintas sektor demi memperkuat program perlindungan sosial.
References
Abdullah, D., Susilo, S., Ahmar, A. S., Rusli, R., & Hidayat, R. (2021). The Application of K-Means Clustering for Province Clustering in Indonesia of the Risk of the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on COVID-19 Data. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01176-w
Al-Mansour, J. F., & Al-Ajmi, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus ’COVID-19’-Supply Chain Disruption and Implications for Strategy, Economy, and Management. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 659–672. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO9.659
Alam, T. M. (2020). Role of Islamic Finance during COVID-19: A Study on Practical Implication of Zakat as Short-term Emergency Support System. EJIF-European Journal of Islamic Finance, 16, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.13135/2421-2172/4581
Ali, R., & Tiwari, S. (2020). Indonesia Covid-19 Observatory: Ex-ante Poverty & Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in Indonesia. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34738
Amanda, G. R., Malihah, F., Indriyastuti, S., Khumairah, N., Tulasmi, T., & Mukti, T. (2021). Pendayagunaan Zakat Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(01), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v7i1.1789
Andriyana, A., & Jowono, V. (2021). Analisis Implementasi Program Bantuan Sosial Penanganan Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia Menggunakan Perspektif Multilevel Governance. Sosio Informa, 7(3), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v7i3.2663
Asfarina, M., Ascarya, A., & Beik, I. S. (2019). Classical and Contemporary Fiqh Approaches to Re-Estimating the Zakat Potential in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(2), 387–418. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i2.1068
Beland, D., Dinan, S., Rocco, P., & Waddan, A. (2022). COVID-19, Poverty Reduction, and Partisanship in Canada and the United States. Policy and Society, 0(00), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac002
Blustein, D. L., Duffy, R., Ferreira, J. A., Cohen-Scali, V., Cinamon, R. G., & Allan, B. A. (2020). Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A Research Agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103436
Carlsson-Szlezak, P., Reeves, M., & Swartz, P. (2020). What Coronavirus Could Mean for the Global Economy. Harvard Business Review, 3(March), 1–10. https://hbr.org/2020/03/what-coronavirus-could-mean-for-the-global-economy
Dahlawi, D., Rassanjani, S., & Herizal, H. (2021). Zakat as a Local Revenue in Aceh: A Dynamics of Policy Implementation in the Local Realm. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 19(2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v19i2.1659
Ezziti, B.-E. (2020). Zakat as Means of Social Welfare: Exploring a Recent Fatwa from the Moroccan ‘Ulama’ on the Permissibility of Paying Zakat in Advance to Help the Poor of the COVID-19. AZKA International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance, 1(1), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.51377/azjaf.vol1no01.12
Gerard, F., Imbert, C., & Orkin, K. (2020). Social Protection Response to the COVID-19 Crisis: Options for Developing Countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(April), S281–S296. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa026
Gibson, J., & Olivia, S. (2020). Direct and Indirect Effects of COVID-19 on Life Expectancy and Poverty in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1847244
Grabois, A. (2020). Philanthropy’s Response to COVID-19 now more than $10 Billion Worldwide. https://blog.candid.org/post/philanthropys-response-to-covid-19-now-more-than-10-billion-worldwide/
Gupta, J., Bavinck, M., Ros-Tonen, M., Asubonteng, K., Bosch, H., van Ewijk, E., Hordijk, M., Van Leynseele, Y., Lopes Cardozo, M., Miedema, E., Pouw, N., Rammelt, C., Scholtens, J., Vegelin, C., & Verrest, H. (2021). COVID-19, Poverty and Inclusive Development. World Development, 145, 105527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105527
Hajad, V., Ikhsan, I., & Marefanda, N. (2021). Jaring Pengaman Sosial: Analisis Anggaran Penanganan COVID-19 di Aceh. 2(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v2i2.23688
Harris, E. (2013). Financing Social Protection Floors: Considerations of Fiscal Space. International Social Security Review, 66(3–4), 111–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12021
Hidrobo, M., Hoddinott, J., Kumar, N., & Olivier, M. (2018). Social Protection, Food Security, and Asset Formation. World Development, 101, 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.014
Hiswals, A. S., Marttila, A., Malstam, E., & Macassa, G. (2017). Experiences of Unemployment and Well-Being after Job Loss during Economic Recession: Results of a Qualitative Study in East Central Sweden. Journal of Public Health Research, 6(3), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2017.995
Huang, I. Y.-F. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 through Government Initiatives and Collaborative Governance: The Taiwan Experience. Public Administration Review, 80(4), 665–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13239
Hudaefi, F. A., & Beik, I. S. (2021). Digital Zakah Campaign in time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Netnographic Study. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(3), 498–517. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2020-0299
Iyer, L., & Topalova, P. B. (2014). Poverty and Crime: Evidence from Rainfall and Trade Shocks in India. In Harvard Business Working Paper No 14-067. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2419522
Jafino, B. A., Walsh, B., Rozenberg, J., & Hallegatte, S. (2020). Revised Estimates of the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Poverty by 2030 (Issue September). http://www.worldbank.org/prwp.
Kadir, A., Hakim, M. R., Syam, F., & Karim, M. S. (2020). Pengunaan Dana Zakat Pada Korban COVID-19 Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Al-Tafaqquh: Journal of Islamic Law, 1(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.33096/al-tafaqquh.v1i2.61
Kim, B., Seo, C., & Hong, Y.-O. (2020). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Income Inequality and Crime in Europe: Do Places Matter? European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-020-09450-7
Lawton, T. C., Dorobantu, S., Rajwani, T. S., & Sun, P. (2020). The Implications of COVID-19 for Nonmarket Strategy Research. Journal of Management Studies, 57(8), 1732–1736. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12627
Lotti, L. (2020). Generosity During COVID-19 the Effect of Social Distancing and Framing on Donations in Dictator Games. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 102690, 1–29.
Maghfirah, M. (2021). Efektivitas Pengelolaan Zakat Dalam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Sosio Informa, 7(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v7i3.2571
Mahadi, N. F., Zain, N. R. M., & Othman, A. H. A. (2021). The Role of Zakat in Achieving Economic Empowerment, Environmental Sustainability, and Social Re-Engineering as Promoted in the 12th Malaysia Plan. In Handbook of Research on Islamic Social Finance and Economic Recovery After a Global Health Crisis (pp. 30–46). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6811-8.ch003
Marston, C., Renedo, A., & Miles, S. (2020). Community Participation is Crucial in a Pandemic. The Lancet, 395(10238), 1676–1678. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31054-0
Miao, Q., Schwarz, S., & Schwarz, G. (2021). Responding to COVID-19: Community Volunteerism and Coproduction in China. World Development, 137, 105128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105128
Moon, M. J. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges. Public Administration Review, 80(4), 651–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13214
Mujaddid, A., & Ramadan, G. R. (2019). Faktor Religiusitas dalam Membayar Pajak & Zakat. InFestasi: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 15(2), 98–110.
Mujib, M., & Nurvianti, M. A. (2022). Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu Dalam Meningkatkan Dana ZIS Pada Lembaga Aamil Zakat Di Era Covid-19. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 4(2), 432–447. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v4i2.683
Newbold, S. C., Finnoff, D., Thunström, L., Ashworth, M., & Shogren, J. F. (2020). Effects of Physical Distancing to Control COVID-19 on Public Health, the Economy, and the Environment. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76(4), 705–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00440-1
Nugroho, Y., & Syarief, S. S. (2021). Grave Failures in Policy and Communication in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ISEAS Perspective, 113, 1–13.
Olivia, S., Gibson, J., & Nasrudin, R. (2020). Indonesia in the Time of COVID-19. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(2), 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1798581
Papaioannou, K. J. (2017). “Hunger Makes a Thief of any Man”: Poverty and Crime in British Colonial Asia. European Review of Economic History, 21(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hew019
Power, M., Doherty, B., Pybus, K. J., & Pickett, K. E. (2020). How COVID-19 has Exposed Inequalities in the UK Food System: The Case of UK Food and Poverty. Emerald Open Research, 2(11). https://doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13539.2
Pusat Kajian Strategis BAZNAS. (2020). Outlook Zakat Nasional 2020. https://www.puskasbaznas.com/publications/books/1113-outlook-zakat-indonesia-2020
Rassanjani, S., Harakan, A., Pintobtang, P., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Social Protection System to Reduce Poverty in a Natural Resource-Rich Country: Towards the Success of the Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(8), 104–126. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss8/7803_Rassanjani_2019_E_R1.pdf
Rassanjani, S., Nivada, A., Indriasari, R., & Ahmady, I. (2022). Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Policies in Overcoming COVID-19 in Aceh: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Journal of Government and Civil Society, 6(1), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v6i1.5618
Rassanjani, S., Risky, N., Maz, D., Alqarni, W., & Tharis, M. A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Activities and Poverty Threats in the Asia-Pacific Region. Policy & Governance Review, 5(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v5i1.353
Razak, S. H. A. (2020). Zakat and Waqf as Instrument of Islamic Wealth in Poverty Alleviation and Redistribution: Case of Malaysia. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(3/4), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-11-2018-0208
Rusydiana, A. S., & As-Salafiyah, A. (2021). A Scientometric Analysis of Zakat Literature Published in times of COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Zakat, 6(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v6i2.306
Sakanko, M. A., & David, J. (2018). Assessment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) on the Eradication of Poverty and Hunger in Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences, 11(2), 257–268. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333786826_Assessment_of_The_Millennium_Development_Goals_MDGs_on_the_Eradication_Of_Poverty_And_Hunger_In_Nigeria
Shaikh, S. A. (2016). Zakat Collectible in OIC Countries for Poverty Alleviation: A Primer on Empirical Estimation. International Journal of Zakat, 1(1), 17–35.
Shaukat, B., & Zhu, Q. (2021). Finance and Growth: Particular Role of Zakat to Levitate Development in Transition Economies. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 998–1017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1832
Sparrow, R., Dartanto, T., & Hartwig, R. (2020). Indonesia Under the New Normal: Challenges and the Way Ahead. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 269–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079
Suci, S. C., & Ramdansyah, A. D. (2019). Economic, Social and Political Openness on Unemployment in ASEAN. Journal of Economics and Business, 2(4), 1312–1320. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.02.04.170
Swandaru, R., & Abdel Mohsin, M. I. (2022). Role of Zakat in Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learnt and Way Forward. In M. K. Hassan, A. Muneeza, & A. M. Sarea (Eds.), Towards a Post-Covid Global Financial System (pp. 185–200). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-625-420210010
The World Bank. (2020). Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: A Real-Time Review of Country Measures. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33635
Ulfa, K., & Safirussalim, S. (2021). Implementation of the Curfew as a Policy of the Aceh Government on Handling COVID-19: A Social Responsibility. Journal of Governance and Social Policy, 2(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v2i2.22714
Umar, U. H., & Abubakar, M. (2021). Maximizing Zakat Revenues in the COVID-19 Period: The Need for Creating Zakat Accounting Standards in OIC Member Countries. International Journal of Zakat, 6(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v6i2.289
Villa, S., Lombardi, A., Mangioni, D., Bozzi, G., Bandera, A., Gori, A., & Raviglione, M. C. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness or Lack Thereof: from China to Italy. Global Health & Medicine, 6, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2020.01016
Wong, C. K. H., Wong, J. Y. H., Tang, E. H. M., Au, C. H., Lau, K. T. K., & Wai, A. K. C. (2020). Impact of National Containment Measures on Decelerating the Increase in Daily New Cases of COVID-19 in 54 Countries and 4 Epicenters of the Pandemic: Comparative Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e19904. https://doi.org/10.2196/19904
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Saddam Rassanjani, Dahlawi Dahlawi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
