PERANAN PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM PENANGANAN ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL SODOMI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v3i2.892Abstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini mencoba membahas isu kekerasan seksual sodomi pada anak-anak dalam perspektif pekerjaan sosial. Isu pencabulan atau penyimpangan seksual adalah merupakan satu fenomena negatif manusia yang berlaku pada masa kini secara global. Salah satu isu pencabulan seks yang tengah marak dengan kondisi dunia secara global adalah isu sodomi. Di Indonesia berbagai kasus sodomi dapat diikuti perkembangannya melalui media massa maupun media sosial. korban sodomi sering kali melibatkan anak-anak dibawah umur. pelaku yang terlibat dalam kasus sodomi ini juga perlu segera ditangani karena akan memberi pengaruh secara psikologis pada korban, karena sebagian besar korban adalah anak-anak yang notabene harus mendapatkan perlindungan. Adapun factor penyebab terjadinya sodomi ini antara lain: (1) faktor internal, karena tekanan emosi, nafsu seksual yang tidak terkendali, dll. (2) orang tua, yang tidak bisa membimbing dan memberikan perhatian. (3) sosial, dimana masyarakat yang mengasingkan, pengaruh pergaulan bebas, peer group yang salah. (4) dampak kemajuan teknologi. Adapun dampak psikologis pada anak-anak sebagai korban sodomi diantaranya: (1). Post Trauma Strees Disorder, dengan gejala seperti “flashbackâ€, menarik diri, distress dan lebih agresif daripada sebelumnya, halusinasi. (2). Phobia dan mengalami kecemasan (anxiety). (3). Depresi. (4) perubahan kepribadian dan tingkahlaku. Intervensi psikososial yang dapat dilakukan pada korban adalah terapi: (1) terapi tingkahlaku, (2) terapi kelompok. Dan konseling: (1) konseling krisis. (2) konseling penyediaan layanan. (3) konseling perkembangan, dan (4) konseling pencegahan. Sodomi perlu ditangani secara komprehensif sebab akan menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif terhadap korban baik dari segi fisik, mental dan emosi yang dapat menyebabkan lagi kejahatan lain  atau hal yang menyalahi norma masyarakat.
Â
Kata Kunci: sodomi, kekerasan seksual, anak-anak, intervensi psikososial, pekerjaan sosial.
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alaggia, R., & Millington, G. (2008). Male child sexual abuse: A phenomenology of betrayal. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(3), 265–275. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-007-0144-y
Anderson, L. E., Weston, E. A., Doueck, H. J., & Krause, D. J. (2002). The Child-Centered Social Worker and the Sexually Abused Child: Pathway to Healing. Social Work, 47(4), 368–378. http://doi.org/10.1093/sw/47.4.368
American Psychiatric Association (2015). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Washington DC: APA.
Baker, A. J. L., Curtis, P. A., & Papa-Lentini, C. (2006). Sexual abuse histories of youth in child welfare residential treatment centers: Analysis of the odyssey project population. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15(1), 29–49. http://doi.org/10.1300/J070v15n01
Barth, R. P., Yeaton, J., & Winterfelt, N. (1994). Psychoeducational groups with foster parents of sexually abused children. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 11(5), 405–424. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01876590
Buckley, T. (2000). Information processing and ptsd A review of the empirical literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(8), 1041–1065. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00030-6
Crowell, B. A. J., George, L. K., Blazer, D., & Landerman, R. (1986). Psychosocial risk factors and urban/rural differences in the prevalence of major depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 307-314. doi:10.1192/bjp.149.3.307
http://online-pedophilia.blogspot.co.id, Kasus pedophilia di Indonesia. diakses tanggal 2017-03-08
Fahrudin, A. (2012). Teknik ekonomi token dalam pengubahan tingkah laku klien. SosioInforma: Kajian permasalahan sosial dan usaha kesejahteraan sosial. Vol. 17 (3) 139-143 http://ejournal.kemsos.go.id/index.php/Sosioinforma/article/view/80
Fahrudin, A. & Edward, D. (2009). Family Characteristics and Traumatic Consequences Associated with the Duration and Frequency of Sexual Assault. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, Vol. 3 (1), 36-50. 10.1111/j.1753-1411.2008.00023.x
Friedman, M. J., Resick, P. A., Bryant, R. A., & Brewin, C. R. (2011). Considering PTSD for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.20767
Gilbert, A.N. (1981). Conceptions of homosexuality and sodomy in Western History. Journal of Homosexuality, 6(1-2), 57-68. http://doi.org/10.1300/J082v06n01_06
Goetz, M. D. (2001). SODOMY. Georgetown Journal of Gender & the Law, 2(2), 199. Retrieved from http://libproxy.wustl.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=4912375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–391. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00977235
Hill, A. (2006). Play therapy with sexually abused children: Including parents in therapeutic play. Child and Family Social Work, 11(4), 316–324. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00411.x
Koompraphant, S. et al. (2002). Case management guidelines for child protection and care services. Paper presented at the ILO-IPEC South Asian Technical Seminar on Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Occupational Integration of Child Survivors of Trafficking, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2013). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan
Kim, K., Trickett, P. K., & Putnam, F. W. (2010). Childhood experiences of sexual abuse and later parenting practices among non-offending mothers of sexually abused and comparison girls. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(8), 610–622. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.007
Koerner, Brendan. (2002). "What is sodomy". Slate. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-07.
Kurniasih, A. dkk. (2016). Kekerasan terhadap anak di Indonesia: Suatu perkiraan awal. Jogjakarta: Idea Press
Lange, A. J., Jakubowski, P., & McGovern, T. V. (1976). Responsible assertive behavior: Cognitive/behavioral procedures for trainers. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Levey,R. &Curfman, W.C. 2004. Sexual and gender identity disorder. Science, 39(6): 1034- 1037.
Lovett, B. B. (2007). Sexual abuse in the preschool years: Blending ideas from object relations theory, ego psychology, and biology. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24(6), 579–589. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-007-0108-7
Mahmood Nazar Mohamed (1992), Pengantar Psikologi: Satu Pengenalan Asas Kepada Jiwa dan Tingkah Laku Manusia. Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Murrell, P. (2013). Sin & Sodomy in the Dutch East Indies. History Today, 63(6), 10–17.
Martin, G. L. and Pear, J. J. 1996. Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it., , 5th Ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
O’Leary, P., & Gould, N. (2009). Men who were sexually abused in childhood and subsequent suicidal ideation: Community comparison, explanations and practice implications. British Journal of Social Work, 39(5), 950–968. http://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn130
Pachana, N. A., Gallagher-Thompson, D. O. L. O. R. E. S., & Thompson, L. W. (1994). Assessment of depression. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics, 14, 234-234.
Ploscowe, J. M. (1951). Homosexuality, sodomy, and crimes against nature - Homosexuality is a process of development, not a matter of choice. Pastoral Psychology, 2(8), 40–48. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01964481
Reichert, E., & Ph, D. (1998). Individual counseling for sexually abused children : A role for animals and storytelling. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 15(3), 177–185. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022284418096
Robertson, S. (2010). Shifting the Scene of the Crime: Sodomy and the American History of Sexual Violence. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 19(2), 223–242. http://doi.org/10.1353/sex.0.0093
Sullivan, Andrew. (2003). "Unnatural Law". The New Republic. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-07.
Smith, S. L., & Howard, J. A. (1994). Impact of previous sexual abuse on children: Adjustment in adoptive placement. Social Work (United States), 39(5), 491–501. http://doi.org/10.1093/sw/39.5.491
Tenbergen, G., Wittfoth, M., Frieling, H., Ponseti, J., Walter, M., Walter, H., ... & Kruger, T. H. (2015). The neurobiology and psychology of pedophilia: recent advances and challenges. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9.
Yalom, I. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy, (3rd ed), New York: Basic Books.
Williams, J., & Nelson-Gardell, D. (2012). Predicting resilience in sexually abused adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 36(1), 53–63. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.07.004
Wolberg, Lewis R (1996). The Technique of Psychotherapy Vol. 1. 4 th: Jason Aronson Inc.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).